Research and Publication Ethics Policy

The International Journal of Language, Education and Society (IJLES) adheres to internationally recognized ethical standards in scholarly publishing. These principles are informed by the guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), the British Educational Research Association (BERA), and the American Educational Research Association (AERA).

IJLES expects all authors, reviewers, and editors to uphold the following standards:

Authorship

Authorship is limited to individuals who have made substantial contributions to the research design, execution, or interpretation
All listed authors must participate in drafting or revising the manuscript
Supervisory or technical support alone does not justify authorship
The author of a thesis or dissertation must be listed as first author in related publications
Changes in authorship are only allowed during the review process and require formal approval

Originality and Reporting

Manuscripts must be original and not under review elsewhere
All sources must be properly cited using APA 7th edition
Data must be reported accurately and transparently
Sufficient detail should be provided to allow replication of the study

Data Sharing

Authors are encouraged to share research data via public repositories or as supplementary materials
Recommended registry: www.re3data.org

Plagiarism

IJLES strictly prohibits all forms of plagiarism, including:

Direct plagiarism: Copying substantial parts of another work without citation
Self-plagiarism: Reusing one’s own previously published work without proper attribution
Paraphrasing plagiarism: Rewriting others’ work without citation
Misleading citation: Improper use of direct or indirect quotations

All submissions are screened using plagiarism detection software. Confirmed cases will result in rejection.

Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI)

AI tools may be used to improve language clarity but not to generate core manuscript content
Use of AI must be disclosed in the manuscript
AI tools cannot be credited as authors or cited as sources
AI-assisted data analysis must be ethically justified and clearly explained

Data Fabrication and Image Manipulation

Falsifying data or manipulating images to mislead is strictly prohibited
Minor image adjustments for clarity are acceptable if they do not distort findings

Corrections and Retractions

Minor errors may be corrected without formal notice
Major corrections require a published Correction Notice
Retractions may occur in cases of plagiarism, data falsification, ethical violations, or compromised peer review
Retraction decisions are made by the Editorial Board and do not require author consent

Conflict of Interest

Authors must disclose all financial or personal relationships that could influence the research
A conflict of interest statement must be included on the manuscript’s title page

Research Involving Human Participants

Informed consent must be obtained from all participants
Special care is required when working with vulnerable groups (e.g., children, persons with disabilities)
Personally identifiable information must be anonymized or used only with written consent
Participants have the right to withdraw at any time
Researchers must ensure secure storage of confidential data

Declaration of Helsinki

Studies involving medical procedures or patients must comply with the Declaration of Helsinki
Ethical approval from a recognized committee is required
Written consent must be obtained and documented

Inclusive Language

Authors should avoid discriminatory language and use inclusive terminology
IJLES supports respectful and equitable academic communication across all dimensions of identity